PMC

Note. Scatterplots of Load Cost (low load accuracy minus high load accuracy) as a function of word identification accuracy per condition (mean accuracy for high and low load conditions). Top panel, high-predictability (HP) sentences; bottom panel, low-predictability (LP) sentences HP 4ch, highly degraded 4-channel vocoding; 6ch, moderately degraded 6-channel vocoding; 8ch, mildly degraded 8-channel vocoding. Data are collapsed across order of report (words first or digits first). Note that a positive value for “load cost” indicates the expected direction of the difference, with higher accuracy of word identification under low than high load.

Possible effects of attention and VSTM load on the contrast response function. (a) The contrast gain account predicts that attention will increase but load will decrease contrast sensitivity, thus resulting in a decrease of the effective contrast of a visual stimulus. The contrast gain effect of load is characterized by a rightward shift of the function in the high load condition (red curve) compared to the low load condition (blue curve) without any change in the asymptote of the function. (b) The response gain model predicts that attention will increase but load will decrease the response to stimulus contrast, which is characterized by a change in the asymptote of the contrast response function.

The corresponding Vickers hardness ranging from 29.7 GPa to 15.7 GPa at low load and high load, respectively. Typical optical images of the indentation made at different load are shown in the picture up the hardness data of different load.

Changes of theta power as a function of load quantified at the single-electrode level (each dot is an electrode). (A) DLFPC theta power decreases significantly as a function of load (see text for statistics). (B) In hippocampus, theta power increased significantly as a function of load, but the strength of this modulation was significantly weaker compared to that in DLPFC (see A). (C) In dACC, we found no significant effect of memory load on theta power (but note that for each load, power is significantly stronger then baseline) dashed lines denote statistically significant differences at p<.05.